Who is credited as the leader of the newly established republic?

Okay, let's talk about Oliver Cromwell and his role in British history. In the mid-17th century, England went through a tumultuous period. King Charles I's reign was marked by conflict with Parliament, ultimately leading to the English Civil War. After the Parliamentarians, also known as Roundheads, defeated the Royalists, Charles I was executed in 1649. This marked a pivotal moment: the end of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic known as the Commonwealth of England. Now, who stepped up to lead this new republic? That was Oliver Cromwell. He wasn't a king, but he held immense power as Lord Protector. He led the country from 1653 until his death in 1658. While figures like Robert Burns, Isaac Newton, and William Shakespeare were incredibly important in Scottish poetry, scientific discovery, and English literature respectively, they had nothing to do with leading the Commonwealth. Cromwell was the key figure in this specific period of republican rule, making him the correct answer.